[Quality standards for ultrasonographic assessment of peripheral vascular malformations and vascular tumors. Report of the french society for vascular medicine. 2018 Update]. / Standards de qualité pour la pratique de l'examen écho-Doppler dans l'étude des malformations et tumeurs vasculaires. Rapport de la Société française de médecine vasculaire (SFMV) : actualisation 2018.

The quality standards of the French Society of Vascular Medicine for the ultrasonographic assessment of vascular malformations are based on the two following requirements: (1) technical know-how: mastering the use of ultrasound devices and the method of examination; (2) medical know-how: ability to adapt the methods and scope of the examination to its clinical indication and purpose, and to rationally analyze and interpret its results. AIMS OF THE QUALITY STANDARDS: To describe an optimal method of examination in relation to the clinical question and hypothesis. To homogenize practice, methods, glossary, and reporting. To provide good practice reference points, and promote a quality process. ITEMS OF THE QUALITY STANDARDS: The 3 levels of examination; their clinical indications and goals. The reference standard examination (level 2), its variants according to clinical needs. The minimal content of the examination report; the letter to the referring physician (synthesis, conclusion and proposal for further investigation and/or therapeutic management). Commented glossary (anatomy, hemodynamics, semiology). Technical bases. Setting and use of ultrasound devices. Here, we discuss ultrasonography methods of using of ultrasonography for the assessment of peripheral vascular malformations and tumors (limbs, face, trunk).

Arthroscopic Bankart repair associated with subscapularis augmentation (ASA) versus open Latarjet to treat recurrent anterior shoulder instability with moderate glenoid bone loss: clinical comparison of two series.

PURPOSE: The treatment of chronic anterior shoulder instability with glenoid bone loss is still debated. The purpose of this study is to compare short-term results of two techniques treating chronic shoulder instability with moderate glenoid bone loss: bone block according to open Latarjet-Patte procedure and arthroscopic Bankart repair in association with subscapularis augmentation. METHODS: Ninety-one patients with moderate anterior glenoid bone loss underwent from 2011 to 2015. From these patients, two groups of 20 individuals each have been selected. The groups were homogeneous in terms of age, gender, dominance and glenoid bone loss. In group A, an open Latarjet procedure has been performed, and in group B, an arthroscopic Bankart repair associated with subscapularis augmentation has been performed. The mean follow-up in group A was 21 months (20-39 months), while in group B was 20 months (15-36 months). QuickDash score, Constant and Rowe shoulder scores, were used for evaluations of results. RESULTS: The mean preoperative rate of QuickDash score was 3.6 for group A and 4.0 for group B; Rowe Score was 50.0 for group A and 50.0 for group B. Preoperative mean Constant score was 56.2 for Latarjet-Patte and 55.2 for Bankart plus ASA. Postoperative mean QuickDash score was in group A 1.8 and 1.7 in group B; Rowe Score was 89.8 and 91.6; Constant Score was 93.3 and 93.8. No complications related to surgery have been observed for both procedures. Not statistically significant difference was reported between the two groups (p > .05). Postoperatively, the mean deficit of external rotation in ER1 was -9° in group A and -8 in group B; In ER2, the mean deficit was -5° in both groups (p = .0942). CONCLUSIONS: Arthroscopic subscapularis augmentation of Bankart repair is an effective procedure for the treatment of recurrent anterior shoulder instability with glenoid bone loss without any significant difference in comparison with the well-known open Latarjet procedure.

Could four-dimensional contrast-enhanced ultrasound replace computed tomography angiography during follow up of fenestrated endografts? Results of a preliminary experience.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate four-dimensional contrast-enhanced ultrasound (4D-CEUS) as an alternative imaging method to computed tomography angiography (CTA) during follow up of fenestrated endovascular aneurysm repair (FEVAR) for juxta- and para-renal abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAA). METHODS: Between October 2011 and March 2012, all consecutive patients who underwent FEVAR follow up were included in the study and evaluated with both 4D-CEUS and CTA. The interval between the two examinations was always ≤ 30 days. Endpoints were the comparison of postoperative AAA diameter, AAA volume, presence of endoleaks, revascularized visceral vessel (RVV) visualization, and patency. Comparative analysis was performed using Bland-Altman plots and McNemar's Chi-square test. RESULTS: Twenty-two patients (96% male, 4% female; mean age 74 ± 7 years; American Society of Anesthesiologists grade III/IV 82%/18%) were enrolled. Seventy-eight RVV (fenestrations: 60; scallops: 17; branches: 1) were analyzed. The mean AAA diameter evaluated by 4D-CEUS and CTA was 45 ± 10 mm (range 30-69 mm) and 48 ± 9 mm (range 32-70 mm), respectively. The mean difference was 3 ± 3 mm. The mean AAA volume evaluated by 4D-CEUS and CTA was 150 ± 7 cc (range 88-300 cc) and 159 ± 68 cc (range 80-310 cc), respectively. The mean difference was 7 ± 4 cc; a Bland-Altman plot revealed agreement in AAA diameter and volume evaluation (p < .01) between 4D-CEUS and CTA. The observed agreement for the detection of endoleaks was 95%. McNemar's Chi-square test confirmed that 4D-CEUS and CTA were equivalent (p > .05) at detecting endoleaks. The first segment of six (8%) RVVs (four renal and two superior mesenteric arteries) was not directly visualized by 4D-CEUS owing to obesity, but the contrast enhancement into the distal part of vessel or into the relative parenchyma gave indirect information about their patency. McNemar's Chi-square test demonstrated the superiority of CTA (p = .031) in visualizing RVVs. The patency of 77/78 RVVs was confirmed with both techniques. McNemar's Chi-square test confirmed that 4D-CEUS and CTA were equivalent in their ability to detect visceral vessel patency. CONCLUSIONS: The data suggest that 4D-CEUS is as accurate as CTA in the evaluation of postoperative AAA diameter and volume, endoleak detection, and RVV patency after FEVAR. Four-dimensional CEUS could provide hemodynamic information regarding RVVs, and reduce radiation exposure and renal impairment during follow up. Obesity limits the diagnostic accuracy of 4D-CEUS.

Bypass to the ankle and foot in the era of endovascular therapy of tibial disease. Results and factors influencing the outcome.

AIM: Endovascular therapy (ET) is the treatment of choice for critical limb ischemia (CLI) and tibial arteries disease (TAD) in focal lesions with restorable run-off; ankle and foot bypass (BPG) is indicated in patients unfit for ET with foot or ankle arteries suitable for surgery. The aim of this study was to evaluate limb salvage (LS), primary patency (PP) and survival (S) of patients underwent BPG in the era of ET for TAD and to define the correlated prognostic factors. METHODS: Between February 2000 and November 2008, patients with CLI and TAD were collected prospectively in a data-base (demographics, Fontaine's stage, Texas University Wound Classification [TUC]of ulcers, risk-factors, TAD, techniques of foot revascularization and surgical factors). BPG was performed in tibial arteries occlusion longer than 4 cm or focal occlusion without line-flow to pedal arteries. Clinical and Duplex-ultrasound follow-up was performed at discharge, 1, 3, 6 months and every 6 months. LS, PP, and S rates were assessed with Kaplan-Meier method; factors influencing outcomes were sought by multivariate Cox proportional hazards model analysis. RESULTS: A total of 410 revascularizations were performed in patients with CLI and TAD; BPG in 153 patients (mean age: 69.3±10.6, male/female=117/36, diabetes mellitus=75.2% hyperlypidemia=54.9%, hypertension=87.6%, renal disease=32.7%, coronary arteries disease=51.6%, Fontaine stage IV=96.1%, TUC grade-III=65.4%, TUC stage-D=51%). All autologous grafts in 96.7% (non-reversed saphenous vein=74.5%, reversed=7.2%, composite vein graft=12.4%, arm's veins=2.6%). LS and S after 1 month were 88.2% and 97.1%, respectively. Mean follow-up was 23 months. At 12 and 36 months: LS 76.7% and 70.9%, PP 62.3% and 52.9%, S 91.5% and 74.6%. LS was negatively associated with age (HR=1.041 [95%CI=1.005-1.079]), infected ulcers (HR=3.377 [95%CI=1.571-7.258]), run-off arteries diameter <1.8 mm (HR=5.854[95% CI=2.274-15.070]). PP was negatively associated with hyperlipidemia (HR=2.555 [95% CI=1.418-4.603]), female gender (HR=2.125[95% CI=1.182-3.823]), run-off arteries diameter <1.8 mm (HR=6.165 [95% CI=2.774-13.699]), reversed saphenous graft (HR=3.105 [95% CI=1.166-8.272]), composite vein graft (HR=2.930 [95% CI=1.406-6.107]) and homograft (HR=2.762 [95% CI=1.040-7.333]); instead it is positively related with hypertension (HR=4.229 [95% CI=2.089-8.563]). S was negatively correlated with renal disease (HR=3.035 [95% CI=1.363-6.756]). CONCLUSION: BPG may be a reasonable first treatment for CLI patients with TAD unfit for ET; female gender, hyperlipidemia, use of reversed saphenous, composite vein or alternative grafts, foot infection and renal disease are associated with worse outcome.

Informe de la CABE-FASEN: Monitoreo de desórdenes por defciencia de iodo (DDI) en la provincia de Santa Fe, Argentina (2007) / CABE-FASEN Report: Screening of Disorders Associated with lodine Defciency in the Province of Santa Fe, Argentina (2007)

Un total de 1.470 alumnos de escolaridad primaria, de ambos sexos, fue estudiado en este monitoreo de bocio endémico en cuatro localidades de la provincia de Santa Fe: Reconquista (n=404) y Villa Ocampo (n=294) ubicadas en el norte de la provincia, y Rufino (n=317) y Venado Tuerto (n=455) ubicadas en el sur provincial. La edad de los escolares osciló entre 6 y 14 años. Se examinó el cuello de todos los escolares; con el fin de aunar criterios con los realizados en otras provincias, se tomó como referencia la palpación de un solo médico (HN). La definición del grado de bocio fue la misma que fuera utilizada en los otros relevamientos. Se determinó la ioduria en muestras casuales de orina emitidas por los niños una vez que fueron palpados (109 de Reconquista, 105 de Villa Ocampo, 113 de Rufino y 139 de Venado Tuerto). Se midió también el contenido de iodo en 337 muestras de sal de consumo hogareño de Reconquista, 227 de Villa Ocampo, 295 de Rufino y 422 de Venado Tuerto (traídas por los niños desde sus viviendas). El examen palpatorio de los niños reveló una prevalencia de bocio del 2,6%, sin diferencias por localidad. Los niveles de ioduria mostraron diferencias entre las localidades del norte y del sur: en Reconquista 238,6±116 µg/L con mediana de 213 µg/L, y en Villa Ocampo 241,6±223,5 µg/L con mediana de 188 µg/L; mientras que en Rufino 544±349 µg/L con mediana de 442 µg/L y en Venado Tuerto 550±375 µg/L con mediana de 418 µg/L (media±DS). Los niveles de iodo en sal fueron similares en toda la provincia, promediando los 35,5 mg/kg. La prevalencia de muestras con concentraciones de iodo <15 mg/kg fueron del 0,3% para Reconquista, del 1,3% en Villa Ocampo, del 3 % en Rufino y del 4 % en Venado Tuerto. Concluimos que en la provincia de Santa Fe no existe endemia bociosa. Los autores declaran no poseer conflictos de interés.

A total of 1,470 primary school students were evaluated to monitor the prevalence of endemic goiter in four cit-ies of Santa Fe province: Reconquista (404) and Villa Ocampo (294) situated in the north, and Rufino (317) and Venado Tuerto (455) situated in the south of the province. Their age ranged from 6 to 14 years. Neck palpation was performed in all students; for the sake of consistency with monitoring performed in other provinces, palpation was performed by only one physician (HN). The goiter grading system was the same used in other surveys. After palpation, urine samples for iodine determination were randomly collected (109 from Reconquista, 105 from Villa Ocampo, 113 from Rufino and 139 from Venado Tuerto). Iodine was also measured in salt samples collected from the children's homes (337 from Reconquista, 227 from Villa Ocampo, 295 from Rufino and 422 from Venado Tuerto). Prevalence of goiter was 2.6 % without differences among cities. Urine iodine levels were significantly different between northern and southern cities: Reconquista had a mean of 238.6 ± 116 µg/L (median 213 µg/L) and Villa Ocampo had a mean of 241.6 ± 223.5 µg/L (median 188 µg/L), while in Rufino the mean was 544 ± 349 µg/L (median 442 µg/L) and in Venado Tuerto it was 550 ± 375 µg/L (median 418 µg/L; mean ± SD). Iodine contents in salt were similar across the province, with a mean of 35.5 mg/kg. Prevalence of salt samples with iodine concentration <15 mg/kg was 0.3 % in Reconquista, 1.3 % in Villa Ocampo, 3 % in Rufino, and 4 % in Venado Tuerto. We conclude that the province of Santa Fe, Argentina, is free from endemic goiter. No financial conflicts of interest exist.

Informe de la CABE-FASEN: Monitoreo de desórdenes por defciencia de iodo (DDI) en la provincia de Santa Fe, Argentina (2007) / CABE-FASEN Report: Screening of Disorders Associated with lodine Defciency in the Province of Santa Fe, Argentina (2007)

Un total de 1.470 alumnos de escolaridad primaria, de ambos sexos, fue estudiado en este monitoreo de bocio endémico en cuatro localidades de la provincia de Santa Fe: Reconquista (n=404) y Villa Ocampo (n=294) ubicadas en el norte de la provincia, y Rufino (n=317) y Venado Tuerto (n=455) ubicadas en el sur provincial. La edad de los escolares osciló entre 6 y 14 años. Se examinó el cuello de todos los escolares; con el fin de aunar criterios con los realizados en otras provincias, se tomó como referencia la palpación de un solo médico (HN). La definición del grado de bocio fue la misma que fuera utilizada en los otros relevamientos. Se determinó la ioduria en muestras casuales de orina emitidas por los niños una vez que fueron palpados (109 de Reconquista, 105 de Villa Ocampo, 113 de Rufino y 139 de Venado Tuerto). Se midió también el contenido de iodo en 337 muestras de sal de consumo hogareño de Reconquista, 227 de Villa Ocampo, 295 de Rufino y 422 de Venado Tuerto (traídas por los niños desde sus viviendas). El examen palpatorio de los niños reveló una prevalencia de bocio del 2,6%, sin diferencias por localidad. Los niveles de ioduria mostraron diferencias entre las localidades del norte y del sur: en Reconquista 238,6±116 Ag/L con mediana de 213 Ag/L, y en Villa Ocampo 241,6±223,5 Ag/L con mediana de 188 Ag/L; mientras que en Rufino 544±349 Ag/L con mediana de 442 Ag/L y en Venado Tuerto 550±375 Ag/L con mediana de 418 Ag/L (media±DS). Los niveles de iodo en sal fueron similares en toda la provincia, promediando los 35,5 mg/kg. La prevalencia de muestras con concentraciones de iodo <15 mg/kg fueron del 0,3% para Reconquista, del 1,3% en Villa Ocampo, del 3 % en Rufino y del 4 % en Venado Tuerto. Concluimos que en la provincia de Santa Fe no existe endemia bociosa. Los autores declaran no poseer conflictos de interés.(AU)

A total of 1,470 primary school students were evaluated to monitor the prevalence of endemic goiter in four cit-ies of Santa Fe province: Reconquista (404) and Villa Ocampo (294) situated in the north, and Rufino (317) and Venado Tuerto (455) situated in the south of the province. Their age ranged from 6 to 14 years. Neck palpation was performed in all students; for the sake of consistency with monitoring performed in other provinces, palpation was performed by only one physician (HN). The goiter grading system was the same used in other surveys. After palpation, urine samples for iodine determination were randomly collected (109 from Reconquista, 105 from Villa Ocampo, 113 from Rufino and 139 from Venado Tuerto). Iodine was also measured in salt samples collected from the childrens homes (337 from Reconquista, 227 from Villa Ocampo, 295 from Rufino and 422 from Venado Tuerto). Prevalence of goiter was 2.6 % without differences among cities. Urine iodine levels were significantly different between northern and southern cities: Reconquista had a mean of 238.6 ± 116 Ag/L (median 213 Ag/L) and Villa Ocampo had a mean of 241.6 ± 223.5 Ag/L (median 188 Ag/L), while in Rufino the mean was 544 ± 349 Ag/L (median 442 Ag/L) and in Venado Tuerto it was 550 ± 375 Ag/L (median 418 Ag/L; mean ± SD). Iodine contents in salt were similar across the province, with a mean of 35.5 mg/kg. Prevalence of salt samples with iodine concentration <15 mg/kg was 0.3 % in Reconquista, 1.3 % in Villa Ocampo, 3 % in Rufino, and 4 % in Venado Tuerto. We conclude that the province of Santa Fe, Argentina, is free from endemic goiter. No financial conflicts of interest exist.(AU)

Haemangiopericytoma in the distal third of the arm.

A 49-year-old woman had a haemangiopericytoma in the distal third of the arm, which is an extremely rare location. There was no recurrence of the tumor 5 years after wide margin surgical excision.

[A rare cause of accidental selective intubation: right upper lobar bronchus originating from the trachea]. / Une cause rare d'intubation sélective accidentelle: une bronche lobaire supérieure droite naissant de la trachée.

A case of accidental selective intubation of a right upper lobar bronchus originating from the trachea, in a woman with a normal preoperative chest X-ray, is reported. The preoperative diagnosis of an asymptomatic tracheal bronchus is often difficult on a standard chest X-ray, especially since a chest X-ray is no longer systematically included in the preanaesthetic assessment. Therefore, the presence of a bronchial malformation should be considered as a cause of ventilatory problems, particularly those occurring after tracheal intubation.

[Brachial plexus block: effect of the addition of sufentanil to local anesthetic mixture on postoperative analgesia duration]. / Bloc du plexus brachial: effect de l'addition de sufentanil au mélange d'anesthésiques locaux sur la durée de l'analgésie postopératoire.

OBJECTIVES: To compare the quality and the duration of analgesia produced by a supraclavicular brachial plexus blockade obtained with a mixture of lidocaine and bupivacaine when supplemented or not with sufentanil. STUDY DESIGN: Prospective, randomized, double-blind study. PATIENTS: The study included 40 patients undergoing osteosynthesis of the upper limb under brachial plexus block, randomly assigned to two groups. METHODS: The patients of the control group were given 0.5% bupivacaine 1 mg.kg-1 and 1% lidocaine 2 mg.kg-1. Those of the sufentanil group, received the same mixture supplemented with sufentanil 0.2 mg.kg-1. During the postoperative period, the characteristics of analgesia were blindly evaluated every hour for 48 h with a visual analogic scale graduated from 0 to 100. Analgesia was considered satisfactory when the score was below 30. Adverse effects of opiates (drowsiness, pruritus, nausea and vomiting) were also assessed. Oxygen saturation was continuously monitored. Blood pressure, heart and respiratory rates were measured at the same intervals than analgesia. Duration of analgesia are expressed as medians (range) and compared using a Mann and Whitney's U test. RESULTS: The respective durations of satisfactory analgesia were significantly different: 12.5 h (8-17) in the control group versus 24 h (8-48) for the sufentanil group. The adverse effects in the sufentanil group were nausea (2), vomiting (1) and pruritus (1). No respiratory depression was noted. CONCLUSION: Sufentanil added to a mixture of lidocaine and bupivacaine increases twofold the duration of postoperative analgesia following branchial plexus blockade.

The addition of opioids to local anaesthetics in brachial plexus block: the comparative effects of morphine, buprenorphine and sufentanil.

We compared the duration of analgesia produced by a mixture of lignocaine and bupivacaine, either alone or combined with morphine (75 micrograms.kg-1), buprenorphine (3 micrograms.kg-1) or sufentanil (0.2 microgram.kg-1) in 80 patients after brachial plexus block for orthopaedic surgery of the upper limb. The characteristics of analgesia were evaluated hourly using a visual analogue scale. The analgesia was considered satisfactory for scores of 30 or less. The median duration (range) of satisfactory analgesia was: 11.5 (8-15) h without an opioid, 21 (9-27) h with morphine, 20 (14-34) h with buprenorphine and 24.5 (11-38) h with sufentanil. We conclude that the addition of an opioid to a local anaesthetic mixture lengthens the duration of analgesia.

Cyclical intravenous clodronate in postmenopausal osteoporosis: results of a long-term clinical trial.

We report the results of long-term cyclical clodronate therapy (200 mg IV infusion every 3 weeks) on 235 women with postmenopausal osteoporosis recruited over 6 years. A retrospective analysis of clinical and instrumental findings in 183 postmenopausal osteoporotic patients was used as control data. Clodronate was well-tolerated and compliance was good. Bone mineral density (BMD) increased significantly and the upward trend persisted for all 6 years of therapy (5.69 +/- 0.184%) vs. controls: -1.47% +/- 0.813%, p <0.0001). The increase in BMD was greater in the 145 patients without vertebral fractures before starting clodronate. From year 3 onward clodronate reduced the incidence of new vertebral fractures. In closed subsets of patients and controls monitored for 3 and 4 years, respectively, the number of patients developing new vertebral fractures fell significantly in the clodronate group (two-sided p value = 0.0671 and p <0.0026, respectively). This trend was more marked in patients who were fracture-free at the beginning of each year. Cyclical clodronate is a safe and effective therapy for established osteoporosis, but clinical trials are necessary to compare its efficacy versus continuous therapy and, as in the case of the other bisphosphonates, to investigate its mechanisms of action in depth.

Cyclical clodronate is effective in preventing postmenopausal bone loss: a comparative study with transcutaneous hormone replacement therapy.

An investigative study was carried out for 2 years involving 124 randomly selected early postmenopausal women with spine bone mineral density (BMD) below the mean value of a normal premenopausal subject. After random division into three groups, the first 42 patients were treated with transcutaneous 17-beta-estradiol (50 micrograms daily), the second 42 were treated with cyclical intravenous clodronate (200 mg/month iv infusion), and the third group of 40 (controls) was left untreated. After 2 years, the total drop in BMD within the control group was more than 7% as opposed to the values of -0.14% +/- 0.93 in the estradiol group and 0.67% +/- 0.84 in the clodronate group. A change in BMD of < 1% was considered satisfactory, and this result was obtained in 32% of the controls, in 79% of the estradiol group where the percentage change in BMD moderately correlated with serum estradiol levels (r = 0.399), and in 90% of the clodronate-treated patients, in whom the percentage change in BMD inversely correlated with basal values of markers of bone turnover. Both estrogen and clodronate prevent postmenopausal bone loss. The response to transcutaneous hormone replacement therapy may be influenced by transcutaneous absorption and by a lower sensitivity to estrogen. Response to cyclical clodronate seems to be influenced by the rate of bone turnover. An interdosage interval ranging from 2-4 weeks appears suitable for most patients.

Laparoscopically assisted subtotal colectomy.

A technique for laparoscopic total resection of the colon performed in six patients is reported. The diseased colon was separated from the mesocolon and the greater omentum by electrocoagulation and sharp dissection. The mesenteric vessels were divided using an Endo GIA stapling device (AutoSuture, France). The whole colon was removed after transection of the rectum and extraction through a right minilaparotomy. A primary stapled end-to-side ileorectal anastomosis was performed through the anus under laparoscopic guidance. This technique can be applied to cases involving a variety of benign lesions of the entire bowel or multifocal small malignant colonic neoplasms with a decrease in patient morbidity and shorter inpatient period.